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The ten characteristics of scientific research

Professors and supervisors generally request scientific articles at the university, but do not always bother to explain what the basic characteristics of a scientific work are. With this in mind, I tried to summarize below the main characteristics of scientific research. Keep in mind that to do scientific work, you must first have a scientific attitude.

To perform a scientific task that follows the scientific process, you need to verify that your essay includes the following elements.

1. Objectivity. Scientific knowledge is based on facts and seeks to describe and analyze them objectively, regardless of emotional considerations or preconceptions. Empirical data are the raw material for theoretical formulations.

2. Theorization. In addition to describing the facts, science rationalizes observations. The researcher formulates hypotheses and hypothesis systems, that is, theories. In other words, the real source of the discoveries is not the raw facts, but the theorization of hypotheses in the form of theories.

3. Analyze. Scientific research addresses partial or well-defined problems, seeking partial solutions. It seeks to unfold an entire complex in its simplest components. Therefore, science begins with partial problems.

4. Specialization. The analysis of partial and delimited problems leads to specialization. Although there is unity in the scientific method, the multiplicity of techniques has resulted in the relative independence of the various sectors.

5. Accuracy. Science seeks clarity and precision. Clarity and precision are revealed in formulating problems and defining concepts.

6. Transmissibility. The language of science, precise and rigorous, has as its main objective to inform. It is the duty of every scientist to communicate the results of their research to the world of science so that they can be verified, confirmed or refuted (if necessary). This is so important that there are specific rules for scientific discourse.

7. Verifiability. This means that the hypotheses and theories must be testable. It is necessary to check whether they have a greater or lesser degree of reliability. The test is empirical and observable. In other words, confirming the hypothesis involves conducting experiments.

8. Method. Scientific research is planned for what is part of an already accumulated knowledge. Science is subject to its methods but can adapt and refine them.

9. Systematization. The goal of science is to create a system of ideas logically related to each other.

10. Generalization. Particular statements are included in broad schemas, allowing a greater degree of generalization. The particular facts are studied in view of hypotheses or general theories. The scientist who works in his laboratory seeks to reach the universals that his logical reason discovers in the complex structure of particular facts of nature.

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